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- <text id=93TT0184>
- <title>
- Aug. 09, 1993: Did Reggie Lewis Have to Die?
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1993
- Aug. 09, 1993 Lost Secrets Of The Maya
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- MEDICINE, Page 43
- Did Reggie Lewis Have to Die?
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>Conflicting medical advice and a professional athlete's drive
- may have played a role, but blame is hard to fix
- </p>
- <p>By CHRISTINE GORMAN--With reporting by Sam Allis/Boston
- </p>
- <p> In the initial shock, the death of basketball star Reggie Lewis
- last week seemed a grim parable of the seductive power of professional
- sports--of an athlete so devoted to a game and its rewards
- that he would distort medical truth in order to keep playing.
- It also seemed an object lesson in the relativity of medical
- truth, and in the perplexities--perhaps even the questionable
- ethics--of equally eminent specialists making highly public,
- completely contradictory diagnoses. The details that emerged
- in the days after Lewis died, however, suggested a medical and
- emotional situation that was both more complicated and more
- subtle than either of these views.
- </p>
- <p> Lewis, 27, the top scorer and captain of the Boston Celtics,
- suddenly dropped to the floor while shooting baskets at a gymnasium
- at Brandeis University in suburban Waltham, Massachusetts; he
- was pronounced dead at a hospital 2 1/2hours later. His collapse
- had been foreshadowed three months earlier, when he passed out
- during an April 29 playoff game against the Charlotte Hornets.
- Lewis checked in to Boston's New England Baptist Hospital. A
- "dream team" of 12 cardiologists assembled by the Celtics' physician,
- Arnold Scheller, made a diagnosis of cardiomyopathy, an abnormal
- stretching or thickening of the heart that can cause it to beat
- erratically. The condition can be fatal if, during strenuous
- exercise, the heart pounds so fast that no blood enters its
- chambers at all.
- </p>
- <p> The cardiologists at New England Baptist stressed that their
- diagnosis was only a "clinical impression," in part because
- Lewis had built up an "athlete's heart," which is larger than
- average size and can mask underlying problems. About one thing,
- though, the doctors were clear: Lewis should play no more basketball.
- </p>
- <p> The brutal choice of giving up his career or risking death was,
- as Boston attorney Neil Sugarman commented last week, "an unfair
- choice, a choice no human being should be forced to make." To
- try to evade it, Lewis surreptitiously checked out of New England
- Baptist after three days and was taken by his wife, Donna Harris-Lewis,
- to seek a second opinion at Brigham and Women's Hospital, where
- she had once worked in the human resources department. There
- Lewis was examined by a team headed by Dr. Gilbert Mudge, chief
- of the hospital's cardiology clinic. Mudge's diagnosis, delivered
- in a televised press conference: no life-threatening heartbeat
- arrhythmia, but instead neurocardiogenic syncope, a fairly benign
- fainting condition caused by nerve irregularities during or
- after peak periods of exertion. "I am confident," said Mudge,
- "he can return to professional basketball without limitations."
- </p>
- <p> When Mudge's verdict was proved tragically mistaken last week,
- a public outcry ensued. Mudge reportedly received two death
- threats, and was placed under 24-hour police protection. He
- remained incommunicado, but his wife told the Boston Globe that
- he was taking Lewis' death very hard. Because the conflict between
- his diagnosis and that of the New England Baptist group was
- so public, it amounted to a breach of professional etiquette;
- but it raised no question of malpractice. A wrong diagnosis
- is different from a negligent one. "The word here is causation,"
- says Leo Boyle, a leading Boston malpractice lawyer. "If Reggie
- were given different advice, would he have survived? Maybe all
- the different advice in the world would not have saved him."
- </p>
- <p> Nevertheless, after Lewis' death it emerged for the first time
- that he had sought a third opinion in June. He was examined
- by a team of four cardiologists in Los Angeles. One doctor,
- William Stevenson, director of clinical electrophysiology at
- UCLA Medical Center, did not rule out Mudge's milder theory
- but said he "could not arrive at a definitive diagnosis." Another
- team member, Dr. Nicholas Diaco, of St. John's Heart Institute
- in Santa Monica, California, concluded that "the first opinion
- was closer to the truth." They all recommended that Lewis have
- his heart monitored.
- </p>
- <p> Which, in fact, is what Lewis was doing. Donna Harris-Lewis
- issued a statement last week describing a cautious plan under
- which her husband planned to experiment with competitive playing
- under Mudge's observation. Even if he resumed professional playing,
- he intended to ask the Celtics to provide a defibrillator (a
- machine that shocks arrhythmic hearts back to a regular beat)
- and a cardiologist at each game. "He told me he was 97% sure
- he'd come back," says Karl Fogel, Lewis' former coach at Northeastern
- University. "That led me to believe it was really fifty-fifty.
- An athlete normally talks about 110% when he's sure."
- </p>
- <p> Did the medical profession fail Reggie Lewis? Perhaps he could
- have used more guidance. "Where was his primary-care doctor?"
- asks Michael Grodin, a professor of medical ethics at the Boston
- University School of Medicine and Public Health. "He needed
- someone with a broader perspective...to sort things out
- for him, to ask the right questions of the specialists." Still,
- no one knew for sure what caused Lewis to faint on that fateful
- April day. Not even the results of the autopsy, which are expected
- this week at the earliest, can be guaranteed to provide the
- answer. Whatever was wrong, says Diaco, Lewis was clearly sicker
- than anyone thought: "This could have happened to him sleeping
- in bed or driving a car."
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
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